Heat exchanger



June 3,Y 1947. s. J. BUDLANE HEAT EXCHANGER 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed April 29, 1944 `NQ\ i: zQN w Q Q y n? 1 //////V///////A///////////// //////V// MNM@ TN 1-Nh-`----- :w `\M,\ NQ ,l%\ HMIIL r Y Nmk ww WML S. J. BUDLANE HEAT EXCHANGER June 3, 1947 Filed Aprii 2s, 1944 2 sheets-sheet 2 J'anZey Judlavze ,E Mamma Si Patented June 3, 1947 UNITEDvv i STATES PAT Stanley J'. Budlane, Moline, Ill., assignor to The e Herman Nelson Corporation,

` poration oflllinois lMoline, IIL, a cor- ,n

Application April 29, 1944, Serial No.``33.2`95` .voisine (crest-e241) This invention relates to yheat inter-changers l adapted generally for the inter-change of temperature between iiuids ilowng in separate paths therethrough. butdesigned more particularly foruse 1n heaterA structures for l vehicles such as busses, `for transfer of heat from products of. combustion to air flowing through air ducts for delivery to space to be heated. 1 An important object of the invention Vis to produce a compact efficient exchanger of cylindrical form into which products of combustion, as from a 'hydrocarbonl combustion chamber, may be delivered thereinto in axial directionto be directed radially outwardly for flow between and vtrans- `versely of air ducts which are shaped and relatively located to form passageways for vdirecting 4wardly directed peripheral flanges I4 for seating in the ends of the wall H to be secured theretol as by welding@ Within the cylinder shell and concentric therewith is the core shell ortube I5 whoseinner end is closed by'a flanged wall I6` which telescopes" the flanged wall Il secured' to the innerside of the outerend wall lf3. Theouter endportlcn I8 of the coreu tube l5 is aredfoutwardly and terminates in theA inlet l opening I9 in the end wall l2.v This ilaredlend e Y vportion is adapted to'receive thefunnel shaped end Vwall V2U `of a suitable heat producing source such as a `combustion structure C disclosed inmy the now in spiral streams toward yan exhaust otco-pendingapplication Serial No. 533,294, filed Apri1'29, 1944, through whose inlet 2| combustion mixture, such as` air and hydrocarbon fuel,` isere-` ceived for combustion within the. combustion I v structure and delivery ofthe products o i' combusranged within the flow chamber vas to cooperate to deilne convergent spiral paths for ow of the heat products towards the surrounding wall of the outer shell for flow in rotary direction to an outlet in said outer wall.l l Another object oi this inventionis to provide a heat exchanger embodying a. plural-ity of-converging parallel passages Whichare'so arranged that the velocity otheated gases flowing past the tubes defining such` passages' is gradually increased as the temperature of the gases decreases.

Other objects and features `will become apparent from the followingspecication in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which drawings: f

Figure 1 is a side elevation changer partly in diametral section and showing a combustion structure from which products of combustion may be directedinto this exchanger;

Figure 2 is an end view of the exchanger partly in transverse section;

Figure 3 is a side view of one of the air ducts;

and

Figure 4 is `an end view of them duet.4 e n The exchanger shown comprises a cylinder shell structure Ill having 1an annular wall ll- Whose ends receive the inner and outer end walls tion under pressure into @the core tube.- ii ofthe exchanger.

The ena wenY u4 iej shown previded with vthreaded studs 22 on which the combustionstruc` `ture"tobelenfiployed may be mounted. `The comf- A bustion structure1 Cshown has brackets 23 thereon through which screws'may extend; into the-` studs` to support the combustion structure in axial y alinement with the exchanger and with lits outlet end 20 snugly seated in theilared end of the core shel1i5... y .l 'y l The cylinder shell `I0, andthe coreshell i5 therein define the annular 1 chamber 24. A pornon ofthe wen n ,is deflected yradieuy eutwardly and cui-l out toprovide a longitudinally extending exhaust outlet 25 from the chamber 24. The Vheat products `which ilowt axially into the core tube l5 are directed outwardly through longitudinallyiextending openings `28 in the coreqtube,l these openings being provided by defiecting and.` extruding themetallto leave theout'wardly direeted guide wings '21 neng the `eide edges or ther openings. e f v Extending longitudinally through the annular chamber 24 between the end wellen end` la are4 l the air ducts 28 whosev ends project through openings in the end Walls and are `secured there-` to as by welding. The air ducts are comparative-` ly narrow but of extended transverse `width and of substantially spiral or'finvolute cross-section.

The ducts may readily be formed by transversely bending comparatively narrow at tubing into the spiral or involute` shape shown. The ducts are equally spaced apartin a circular row within the chamber v24 with their inner edges adjai2 and I3, these end walls having preferably out' 55 Gelli', t0 the 'core shell between the passages `2li,

ENT i'v-OFFICE i 3 while the duc'ts terminate at their outer edges a distance inwardly from the shell Il.

In the form of duct shown, the wide side walls 29 are parallel, the flow passageway 30 therebetween being comparatively narrow. As shown, the ducts are so relatively positioned and inclined that they will overhang the outletsfZE and the outer portion of each duct will overhang the inner portion of the next duct so that the ducts will act as baffles and will denne outwardly converging spiral passageways 3l between -the ducts.

The heat producing medium delivered to the exchanger flows radially outwardly from the core shell l5 through the outlets 26 into the passageways 3| for iiow therethrough in spiral direction into the outer part 4of the chamber 24 between the outer edges of the ducts and the shelly Il" where the flow will be in circular direction toward and out through the exhaust outlet 25, wings or tongues 21'alo`ng the sides of the outlet openings 26.serve to direct the flow intothe passageways 3|. 'I'hewide side walls ofthe ducts present extensive area to be contacted by the heat medium for corresponding .absorption of heat by.

air ilowing through the duct passageways'30, and

, and through the exchanger and out of the exchanger outlet y25,and air under pressure will ow outwardly through the exchanger air ducts for delivery to the space to be'heated. Clearance space 33 could befleft between'the exchanger shell Il and the housing 32 for outow 'of air whichwouldreceive heat from the shell il to be delivered intof the space to be heated. The deected portion at the top o1' the shell Il through which `the exhaustr opening 25 fromchamber 24 extends. could be' Welded to the wall of the housing 32 which would be cut out to provide the opening 34 in alinement with the exhaust outlet 25.

All the parts of the heat exchanger disclosed ft inlet opening will ilow into and through said chamber into contact with said ducts and out of said outlet and the medium flowing through said ducts will be subjected to the temperature of the medium iicwing through said chamber, said ducts being equally spaced in an annulary row around said core tube and said ducts being in the form ci flat tubes curved transversely to'extend substantially in involute or spiral direction from said core tube and terminating/short of said cylinder wall to leave an annular space between their outer edges and said cylinder wall whereby the medium flowing through the passageways between said ducts will be directed spirally into said annular space fo;` flow through said space in circular direction to said outlet, said passageways coni verging to cause the velocity of iloW therethrough The may be readily formed 4from lcomparatively light y gauge sheet metal, such as steel, and the various parts maybe readily assembled and secured, as by welding. The shape of the air ducts and their arrangement and cooperation within the exchanger Will result in maximum temperature exchange and maximum eiliciency. y

I have shown a practical and ellicient embodi- ,ment of the features of my invention but I do not desire to be limited to the exact construction', arrangement and operation shown and described, as changes and modifications may be made'without departing from the scope of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

l. A heat exchanger comprising a cylinder wall having inner and outer end walls and a core tube therein to define an annular chamber, said inner kend Wall having an inlet opening therethrough to said core tube, ductsextending through said chamber, said cylinder wall having an outlet to the exterior from said chamber, there being openings in said core tube to connect the interior thereof with said chamber whereby medium directed into said core tube through said end wall vto gradually increase as the temperature thereof decreaseswhereby the metal of the ducts and air flow therethrough will be uniformly heated.

2; A temperature exchanger comprising a cylinder shell having 'a core shell therein concentric i .therewith to denne an annular chamber, said cylinder shell having a side outlet for outilow l from .said chamber, said core shell being open to the exterior of said cylinder shell at one end thereof for reception of medium under pressure at one temperature, said core shell having longiv tudinally extendingl outlet openings for now of the medium radially into said chamber, ducts f extending longitudinally through said chamber for flow therethrough of medium at another temperature, said ducts being comparativelynarrow but of extended transverse width and being transversely curved. said ducts being arranged in a circular row around said core shell in spaced relation to define converging passageways therebetween `for iiow of the medium from said core shell outlets to said side outlet and for causing the velocity of the-flow of the medium to gradually increase as the temperature thereof de-` creases whereby the metal of said ducts and the air ilow therethrough will be uniformly heated.

3. A temperature exchanger comprising a cylinder shell having a core shell therein ldefining therewithfan annular chamber, a side outlet in said cylinder shellr for said chamber, said core shell being open atone end to the exteriorof the cylinder shell for reception of medium flow under pressure, said core shell having longitudinally extending outlets in its wall for ilow of the medium radially therefrom into said chamber for now therethrough-t0 saidy outlet, ducts lex- Vtending longitudinally through said chamber and arranged in spaced relationship around said core shell with the spaces therebetween aligned with said core shell outlets, said ducts being comparal tively narrow but of extended transverse width and being curved transversely to substantially spiral cross-section and with the passageways between the ducts converging outwardly to gradually increase the velocity of the medium ow as the temperature of the medium decreases whereby to effect efficient inter-change of temperature between said medium and the medium flowing through the ducts.

4. A temperature exchanger comprising a cylinder shell having acore shell therein defining therewith an annular chamber, a side outlet in said cylinder shell for said chamber, said core shell being open at one end to the exterior of the cylinder shell for reception'of medium now under one Apressure under one temperature, said core shell having longitudinally extending outlets in its wall for flow of the medium radially therefrom into said chamber for flow therethrough to said outlet, ducts extending longitudinally through said chamber and arranged in spaced relationship around said core shell with the spaces therebetween aligned with said core shell outlets, said ducts being comparatively narrow but of extended transverse width and being transversely curved, the transverse width and curvature being such that the passageways between the ducts will converge outwardly for gradual increase in velocity of the flow medium therethrough to compensate for decreasing temperature of the flow me'f dium to thereby eil'ect uniform temperature inter-change between said medium and the medium flowing through said ducts.

5. A heat exchanger comprising a cylinder shell having a core shell therein dening therewith an annular chamber, said core shell being open at one end for the reception of products of combustion from a combustion source, air ducts extending longitudinally through said chamber and open at their ends/ to the exterior of said cylinder shell for ow therethrough ofv air to be heated, said core shell having llongitudinally extending outlet openings for radialoutflow of the products of combustion from said c/ore shell into the spaces between said air ducts, said cylinder shell having a side outlet for flow of the products of combustion from said chamber, said air ducts being in the` form of comparatively wide flat tubes curved transversely and so arranged relatively as to overhang the outlets from said core shell and to define outwardly convergent passageways through which the products of combustion are directed in tangential direction toward the outerl wall of the cylinder shell for ow to said outlet and whereby the velocity of the hot productsof combustion is gradually increased as the temperature thereof decreases and the air flow through said tubes will be uniformly heated.

6. A heat exchanger comprising a cylinder shell and a core shell therein deiining therewith an annular chamber having an outlet in the side wall of the cylinder shell. a. circular row of narrow 4but comparatively wide air ducts extending into said chamber around said core shell, said core into the spaces between said air ducts, and guide tongues along the sides oi said outlets for directing the ilow into said spaces, said air ducts being inclined to overhang said outlets whereby to baffle the ilow of the products of combustion through said spaces for prolonged .contact thereof with the walls of the ducts for eflicient heating of the air flow through the ducts.

7. A heat exchanger comprising an outer cylindrical shell having a side outlet, a core shell mounted Within said outerl shell and defining therewith an annular chamber, said core shell being open at one end for the admission of a fluid flow and closed at the other end and 'having longitudinally extending outlets for radially outward ilow of said `fluid into said annular chamber, and open-ended ducts extending through said chamber the full length thereof for the passage therethrough of a second fluid for indirect heat exchange with said iirst fluid, said ducts being arranged in spaced relationship around said core shell with the spaces therebetween aligned with saidcore outlets and being comparatively` spiral. passageways between said ducts that conshell being open at one `end for reception of prod-` I` ucts of combustion under pressure, saidlcore shell having longitudinally'extending outlet openings for now of the products of combustion radially fluid is caused to ow `spirally through said passageways and circularly between the outer ends of sai-d ducts and the inside surface of said outer shell before passing out through said outlet.

STANLEY J. BUDLANE.

REFERENCES crrnn The following references are of record in the f'lle of this patent:

I UNITED lsTATEs PATENTS Number Name Date 383,469 Kerman, Jr. May 29, 1888 721,310 Junkers Feb. 24, 1903 1,762,465 Boveyta June l0', 1930',-

4 i FOREIGN Pa'rsmsf Number Country lDate Great Britain Mar. 21, 1822 

